The Caning Punishment Issue Essay Example For Students

The Caning Punishment Issue Essay Comp/2nd1/14/97The Caning Punishment IssueReintroducing bodily discipline would bring down the crime percentage and give some equity to the people in question. There ought to be a characterized level to the discipline and to which violations it ought to be managed. Setting up such laws ought to likewise consider the developing crime percentage and the need to take care of this issue. America disrupted liberated from the norm of England as a result of the treacheries they accepted were being done to them. Something the Americans needed to break free of was merciless and uncommon discipline. It is something that makes our nation what it is today regardless. A Caning, which can leave the individual scarred forever, is an unfeeling and surprising discipline for repairable harm against private property. Still estimates must be taken to stop crime. We will compose a custom paper on The Caning Punishment Issue explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now A caning for taking or attempting to murder somebody would be a sensible level to present mortal discipline. Men perpetrating such wrongdoings would regularly be sent to prison. While not being free is awful, these men truly lose only time. The casualty ought to likewise get the alleviation of seeing some harm accomplished for his agonies. This would be a smidgen of retaliation for the person in question. As a casualty this probably won't set it straight however it would assist them with feeling somewhat better. This would likewise establish a major connection with me. In the event that I realized I could get an awful lashing for accomplishing something incorrectly, I would not do it. With the developing crime percentage some various moves must be made. What we are doing now isn't working quite well. Physical discipline appears to be a decent spot to start.It is a hindrance step which we could take without extending the utilization of capital punishment. Physical discipline established partially, not to the level they have in Singapore, would bring down wrongdoing. Singapore has a $316 fine for biting gum which isn't right and to the outrageous for such a little wrongdoing. Comparative laws in our nation would not be conceivable on the grounds that they would disregard our established rights. However, saved for progressively genuine violations well characterize physical discipline would help bring down our crime percentage and assist give with encouraging to the survivors of the lawbreakers. Class: English

Federal Magistrates Court Rules

Question: Talk about the Federal Magistrates Court Rules. Answer: Presentation: The last decision by the Federal Magistrates court of Australia working on this issue between Mr. Yelaswarapu and the Ministry of migration and Anor has sweeping ramifications. One will see that the suit had numerous contemplations that were made because of the idea of the issues to be tended to. Most importantly, this was a case between an administration element and a person. Such cases are regularly intricate to deal with and it calls for astuteness from above if any appointed authority must give a reasonable judgment. (Haas 31) Normally, it is foreseen that any administration foundation can't lose a case given the power of the assets that are directed into the suit. A service responsible for people groups development is basic in any administration since it decides numerous populace insights. Segment changes in a nation decide factors, for example, GDP and the general creation in the economy. (Karl 23) The physical ramifications of the result of this case would cut over all gatherings that were included. The main party is the candidate who may likewise be alluded to as the complainant. Mr. Yelaswarapu conveys the day as the champ in the challenge. After he was denied equity in his offer to apply for the visa, he at last gets respite from the Federal Magistrates court. To be sure, his endeavors were not futile. Recording a suit is consistently a costly endeavor. (Haas 45)The systems and organizations requested that he leaves behind a lot of cash which is charged in court. The choice to grant him triumph suggested that he would be made up for the time and assets he utilized. Other than that, he would have his visa prepared in time. Mr. Yelaswarapu would make a trip to his ideal goal and seek after whatever course he had planned. At first, the service had leveled claims that he didn't submit legitimate subtleties of his location subsequently wrong correspondence was done and prompted delays. (Haas 62). It might have been genuine yet later on, Mr. Yelaswarapu reacted quickly to present his location in time before the specified cutoff times. The endeavors by the movement service to reprimand him were upset by the lawful translations. As an individual, Yelaswarapu would have made an achievement as far as his own profile. Having taken on an administration foundation and cruised through, he has beaten all chances. It has not been certain whether he sourced the administrations of any legal advisor yet all things considered, this was a milestone accomplishment on the individual scale. (Einer 112) The following party to be inspected is the principal respondent who is the pastor for migration and citizenship. He has the command to offer types of assistance to the residents regardless of societal position or some other prejudicial factor. In this situation, the service wherein he heads has been looked by a customer who has an enthusiasm for getting a suit. Earlier rates show that the customer was to blame in the way in which he presented his location. This prompted a miscommunication whereby the data was routed to an alternate goal. At first, the service censured the customer for submitting insufficient location data prompting his disavowal of the visa. Be that as it may, the law cleared Mr. Yelaswarapu who acted with scurry to present the archives. (Accumulate 107)At this second, the pastor is gotten on an inappropriate side of the law. The physical ramifications are that he should confront preliminary or he ought to be fined with the goal that Mr. Yelaswarapu can be redressed. In extraordinary circumstances, such an individual can be calmed of his obligations. For example, if the selecting authority gets news with respect to the suit, extreme move can be made against that individual. The Australian president who is the delegating authority may make a stride in recruiting another priest who is a lot of capable in translation of the law. This is significant particularly for the picture of the nation since the worldwide network is quick to access such cases. On the off chance that Mr. Yelaswarapu included the media to impart his complaints, the Australian government would confront a major danger of losing its notoriety over the entire world. Thusly, the ramifications of the decision are extensive for the whole migration service not just the clergyman. Authorities in the visa handling office would likewise confront the sack in view of the laxity that they have shown. (Norman 57) The last party that is influenced by this decision is the movement survey council which is going about as the subsequent respondent. It is clear that the council has an obligation to decipher laws to the individuals and establishments. For this situation, it was commanded to make a decision concerning the legitimacy and the courses of events in the visa applications. (Earn 55) However, the council neglected to offer the types of assistance inside its purview. The fundamental explanation with all due respect is that it had no force in its ward to make a decision concerning Yelaswarapus application. The Federal Magistrates Court of Australia found that the council was likewise to blame to suggest that it had no ward. As a respondent, the court had lost the case simply like the primary respondent. The suggestions also are extreme for this organization. As a matter of first importance, the certifications of the court authorities are to be addressed in light of the fact that they accept t hey can't deal with the obligations ordered to them. (Jordan 18)The government court which is a higher court would criticize the council judges with the goal that they can validate their cases. All the more in this way, the notoriety of the council is filthy by this reality since it can't analyze the law and make good instinct judgment. The legal high ground has an obligation to change this council and for this situation, a large portion of the authorities would likewise pack their things to leave office. This infers a substantially more believable organization would be set up with the ability to deal with instances of this nature and even those that are increasingly intricate. The way toward recruiting the authorities is will undoubtedly change. Increasingly thorough and exhaustive meetings would be led to acquire capable adjudicators and justices. In spite of making a reshuffle in the councils, the leaving authorities ought to be charged in the courtroom too. (Gather 23) Standards of Statutory Interpretations Rules are framed to make the law. The standards of the legal translations have been utilized for this situation. The standards request that the language of the rules must be comprehended as evidently as they show up. In Australia, language is fundamental in the translation of the law. The motivation behind why the law is applied wrongly is a direct result of the vagueness of certain words. (Jordan 34). For example, a few words have more than one importance and even they may mean an immediate complexity of the implications. For the situation between Mr. Yelaswarapu and the migration service, there was an error of the rules and the explanation Mr. Yelaswarapu won the case. The standards of language found the service to blame since it neglected to decipher the cutoff times at which the visa application was to be made. Initially, the priest thought the candidate was late in the accommodation and chastised him over wrong locations. (Haas 74) The disappointment in the translation was additionally corrected by the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia. The standard of legal development was applied also. It suggests that each expression must be given consideration and the impact it merits just as each expression of it. The subtleties in the above case were overlooked and thus the candidate was granted. (Jacob 12) The council couldn't utilize the guideline and that is the reason it professed to have needed command in tackling the case. Legal expressions ought to never be overlooked. In the event that words have been utilized clearly, their implications ought to be comprehended as they may be. If vagueness emerges, the rule of legal development ought to be utilized. This rule tries to inspect the phonetic details that an expression or word implies. When this is done, the understanding of the law is disentangled. It is consistently a troublesome undertaking since suits go to the courts in various structures. It requires an ab le and sharp individual to legitimize their choices basing on the rules. The case between Mr. Yelaswarapu and the priest is one of those specialized suits that required a great deal of contribution to concoct good instinct judgment. Works Cited Einer, Elhauge. Legal Default Rules: How to Interpret Unclear Legislation. Harvard University Press, 2008. Print Gather, Bryan. Dark's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing, 2009. Print Haas, Malouf. Government Attorney-General's Announcement. Oxford University Press, 2012. print Jacob, Decker. Government Magistrates of the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia. Government Court of Australia. Toronto: Harcourt, 2012. print Jacob,Timm. Government Circuit Court of Australia Act 1999 in Common Law. New York: Harcourt, 2010. print Jordan, McNamara. Decisions of the Federal Magistrates Court in General Federal Law, Cambridge University Press, 2013. Print Karl, Llewellyn. Comments on the Theory of Appellate Decision and the Rules of Canons about How Statutes are to be Construed. Green Bag, 2012. Print Norman, Singer. Sutherland Statutory Construction. West Group, 2015. print

Romantics Vs Realists Essays - Literary Genres, German Idealism

Sentimental people Vs Realists Perspectives on Nature Sentimental people section Realists and Naturalists have various perspectives on nature. In this paper I will depict how Romantics see nature, and afterward how Realists and Naturalists together observe nature. It will show how Romantics had an extended energy about the wonders of nature. What's more, how Realists and Naturalists only every once in a long while saw nature as grateful for it marvels. Sentimental people discovered nature an ideal and significant embodiment to their convictions. Sentimental people appeared to lean toward nature to human progress or society. They would propose that life lived all the more just and closer to nature you will have a superior comprehension of the basic unavoidable issues facing everyone. Sentimental people accentuated the excellence, weirdness, puzzle, and greatness of nature. They considered the to be universe of nature as great otherworldly exercises. Sentimental people never found any flaws in nature and saw that nature brought only advantages to them. Pragmatists and Naturalists had a contrary assessment of nature to that of the Romantics. They certainly favored society to the brutality of nature. Pragmatists and Naturalists felt the further away from nature the better, that nature made their lives harder. They underlined not the excellence and amazingness of nature, yet the threats, cruelty, savageries, and destructiveness of nature. All Realists and Naturalists at any point found in nature were the deficiencies and scarcely gainful. I have demonstrated you in this exposition how Romantics refrain Realists and Naturalists have various assessments of nature. Sentimental people cherished and acknowledged nature not at all like the Realists and Naturalists whose assessments of nature conflicted with that of the Romantics. All in all, in the wake of perusing my paper do you think you are a Romantic or a Realist/Naturalist? English Essays

How Saadawi’s “Memoirs of a Woman Doctor” Works to Show the Oppression and Feminist Sentiments of Women in Modern Day Egypt - Literature Essay Samples

Nawal el Saadawi, an Egyptian feminist writer, has worked throughout her life to highlight the need for improvement in the lives of the modern Arab woman. Her book, â€Å"Memoirs of a Woman Doctor†, written in 1958, takes her own experiences from living in Egypt and her professional life as a doctor, and uses these to create a personal reflection on her suppression and her feelings of gender dissatisfaction as a younger woman. She reflects on not only the way men have pushed her to despise her sexuality throughout adolescence and into her adult life, but also on the constraints older women put on the younger generation of girls that are developing. By looking at Saadawi’s work and examining the current day life of Egyptian woman, we can see how literature helps to share the stories of women all over the world and spread the documentation of the oppression and fighting of women everywhere for their rights and freedoms. Saadawi’s, â€Å"Memoirs of a Woman Doctorâ €  is an insightful work that uses personal experience and perspective to expose the Egyptian women’s plight. â€Å"Memoirs of a Woman Doctor† begins with a young girl starting to question why the separation between sexes is so pronounced in Egypt. Because she has a younger brother, her restrictions as a girl are juxtaposed against his freedoms as a boy. While the main character made his bed every morning, she says her brother would, â€Å"play without asking my parents’ permission and came back whenever he liked, while I could only go out if and when they let me† (9). During the first section that surrounds her childhood, she constantly emphasizes her hate for being female. As she is young and has less understanding of Egyptian society and culture, she hates the entire concept of being a woman and thinks it is just because she is born a woman that she must endure oppression and give up personal freedom. As she grows older and is taught how to be a woman by her mother, she places the blame on the patriarchal society and its history that indeterminately favors men. When h er mother teacher her how to cook, she expresses her hate for it calling it, â€Å"the hateful, constricted world of women with its permanent reek of garlic and onions† (14). She realizes that women are only valued in her society as wives who serve their husbands. Cooking and cleaning are her main obligations and they are all in an attempt to satisfy a husband. She was not allowed to laugh too loud and she had to be conservative and restricted when she ate. The main character mentions on page 22 that she is not willing to throw her life away on cooking for a husband just as all the women in her life had done before her. Her anger turns into a force for desiring change. During this process of learning about her place in society, she enters a stage of rebellion. This first begins when she cuts off her hair on page 18 saying, â€Å"my challenge of authority had turned me into an immovable forceI looked in the mirror and smiled at my short hair.† Her entering into an almos t strictly male dominated career field, medicine, gave her the power to push against oppression and strive for greater freedom and meaning for the lives of women in Egypt. This is perhaps best exemplified when she says, â€Å"I’d prove to nature that I could overcome the disadvantages of the frail body she’d clothed me inI wouldnt give it a single chance to drag me into the ranks of illiterate women† (23). In her shift from blaming herself and her gender from restricting her, she realizes that societies restrictions, although powerful, are able to be broken and are not determinant of her future. She asks herself why her mother, and everyone in her life had made the differences between women and men seem so great when they were both really so similar. She questions herself on why she had spent so much of her childhood believing her femininity was a , â€Å"weakness and disgrace† (25). Continuing to challenge Egyptian society, she becomes wrapped up in her medical studies and is confronted with the dead bodies, both males and females, and is hit with the realization that we are all mortal and therefore none of us have any real power or superiority over the other gender. It takes Saadawi a while and some distance from the medical field to realize that her constant hate for not only her womanhood, but also the patriarchal society she lives in has done nothing except bringing her unhappiness. Page 39 includes her thoughts, â€Å"I’d wasted my childhood and adolescence and the dawn of my young womanhood in a fire battle: against whom? Against myself, my humanity, and my natural impulses.† Her extreme hatred for men and pity for herself had lead her to lead an angry life. She went from hating not only the women who told her she was not as good as men, but also the men who were born with entitlement for no apparent reason. She suddenly has a kind of rebirth and even acknowledges she has a newfound faith in humanity. Although she still has resentment towards the place of females in society, she finds there is greater meanings in life, including love, and pursues this when she finds her first husband. She still is an extremely independent and hardworking woman, however she is able to change her hatred from men to a dislike of the system. We see a big change from the character that appeared on page 11 saying, â€Å"I began to search constantly for weak spots in males to console me for the powerlessness imposed on me by the fact of being female.† She says that she feels the weariness she had for males evaporating and she becomes more of an advocate for bringing young girls up by helping them to develop with the realization that they have a both a mind and a body. This comes partly as a result of her first romantic relations with a man. Her first husband appears to believe that women should have more freedom and rights and this makes her see that she cannot classify all men as oppressive and greedy. Soon her first marriage goes downhill with her husband stating, â€Å"I’m in chargeOf this house and all that’s in it, including you† (62). She finds that being a strong and empowered woman in Egyptâ €™s current society is threatening to men who are used to having a woman always there for them attending to their needs at home. She threatens to disrupt the typical family order that husbands were used to and this caused him to try to force her back into an oppressed state. They end up divorcing, and although she finds another husband later, we see during her divorce she questions again the capacity for society to accept the desire for millennial women to live their own independent lives. She feels alone in society again and says, â€Å"woman faces the man alone, but the man stands barricaded by tradition, laws and creeds, backed up by generations and eons of history† (75). This is an extremely powerful statement and makes the reader reflect on the cultural situations she is put up against. To reverse tradition and custom is a challenge that would take a large social shift with the backing of many supporters. In this book, Saadawi expresses how alone she feels in her push for women’s rights. This is best summed up from her reflections as one of the only female doctors, and an unmarried woman, â€Å"how cold solitude was, how hard the silence† (83). Although the feminist movement in Egypt has grown and changed a lot throughout the years, the founding women of these feminist movements felt rejected from society and unvalued. This can be seen in the writing of many other Egyptian authors. Many critics have both praised and criticized Saadawi’s work entitled, â€Å"Memoirs of a Woman Doctor.† Hafez argues that Saadawi has failed to make a real impact in the Middle Eastern world but rather caters her work towards the Western world. He questions why other more skilled Arab women writers have not had the same success as her in the West. Perhaps their books have not been translated as often as Saadawi’s or their novels don’t appeal to a wider more univers al audience. Regardless, â€Å"there is a wide gap between Saadawi’s standing in the West and her own Arab culture† (189). He harshly says that she has failed to make â€Å"socio-political change.† Although Hafez greatly criticized her appeal in the West and failure for change in the Arab world, it is very important that some of these Egyptian works are able to reach a wider audience and are able to communicate to groups of people who have little background on the Arab world. He also argues that the ending where she finds happiness with a man ruins the point of the book. He makes a valid point saying, â€Å"Does the solution of an individual’s problem eradicate the social ones?†(190). On the contrary, I thought her portrayal of the man at the end was refreshing and helped to give a fairer view of Egyptian men, as well as help to adequately end the tale of the main character’s self discovery. The reader still understands that the main charact er resents the current political climate, however this story is more about her growing up and learning to live in this society that oppresses women while being an independent rather than a huge political work. It helps to educate the reader on how Arab women feel and it shows how hard it is to make change in a society which forces women to take up roles that are inferior to the men. She does go against the traditional career path for women and the tradition familial role, but the main character does realize that not everything is bad and that she shouldn’t torture herself by holding so much hate in her heart. This story is very real and not just the idealized version of feminism. It resembles a real woman’s life rather than being focused on a political agenda. Saadawi includes elements of feminism but does not denounce the whole of Egyptian culture. We watch the main character grow and struggle to both fit in as well as reject parts of society. If this is read not as a story and as a piece of political material, one fails to see the complexity of all of the lessons and insights Saadawi provides the reader with. It might be pertinent to mention that in very traditional Arab societies, women who speak out against discrimination are violating the cultural restraints placed on women. Women speaking up and going against the man is seen in a negative light, and so through this book, Saadawi not only breaks barriers with her characters, but also in her own real life and publication of this book. In the 20th century, common themes found between Egyptian writers were feminism and the role of women in the Middle East. Another well-known Egyptian writer, Mahfouz, has a lot of feminist themes in his works. â€Å"The Cairo Trilogy† is one of the best examples of this, with the stereotypical representation of an Egyptian wife through the character Amina. Amina is not allowed to leave her house and schedules everything, including her sleep around her husband’s life. He is working and going out all day, while she waits at home for him. All of her actions and chores serve the purpose of aiding her husband. She finally works up the courage to leave the house one day, and as a result, is thrown out of the house and told not to come back. In â€Å"Midaq Alley,† the male character that jokes about relationships with women, forces his sister to commit suicide because she is found with a man. Women are portrayed as these beings that are not allowed to do anything and on ly exist as servants to men. Men have the freedom to go around doing whatever they like, as seen in the childhood reflections of Saadawi’s main character, but if the woman steps out of place, it is seen as ruining the reputation of the family. Purity and pride are tied up in the lives of women and their slightest actions can affect the entire family. Although Mahfouz doesnt give us the first person insight of the life of an Egyptian woman that Saadawi does, he provides us with examples of the typical restraints that are put on women, and the ways in which they are forced to live that Saadawi’s narrative lacks. Now that we have explored Egyptian women’s rights as portrayed by two writers from the end of the 20th century to the very beginning of the twenty first, with a focus on Saadawi, we can see how the political and cultural climate affected these writings and explore the current day situation, as well as the political climate while Saadawi was writing this wo rk. During Saadawi’s push to publish her book, she faced discrimination and censorship. The fact that she was restricted in the writing of her own book about restrictions on the freedom of women, is a bit ironic. She recounted that Rose el-Yusuf had published her work by cutting out some sections of it. She tried to get her whole book published, â€Å"but the publisher absolutely didn’t accept to publish the novel in its original form†(el Saadawi, 1988: Introduction). Saadawi said that because of her young age and excitement about her book, she settled with it being censored. It is interesting to see how the topics in her book played out in her life and the publication of â€Å"Memoirs of a Woman Doctor†. This book was released in 1957, four years after women were given more political rights, including the right to vote. Women were suddenly allowed to have a say in government, and the first women were elected into parliament soon after. This was just a ye ar after the government restricted all political parties in 1952, which resulted in the banning of women’s movements and organizations. The beginning of the 1950’s was full of quick changes, and superficial benefits to the women’s rights campaigns. The problems in the home lives of women and the way they were treated did not really improve, although the government granting women more rights did make it feel like things were headed in a positive direction. The social and cultural problems having to do with the freedoms of women were unfortunately left unchanged during this time period. This decade experienced a bit of a lull in feminist activity, however, Saadawi is credited with having helped revive the feminist movement in the 1970s with her book, â€Å"Women and Sex.† Current day affairs are still very unstable. In a study done by The Thomson Reuters Foundation in 2013, it was revealed that out of the 22 Arab countries they surveyed, Egypt was the worst for women in terms of violence, rights, home life, and economic and political involvement combined. Plagued with sexual harassment and female genital mutilation, Egyptian women are not only confined by their society, but abused. The Foundation also mentioned a problem with, â€Å"discriminatory laws and a spike in trafficking.† On a more universal and recent scale, The Global Gender Gap report in 2015 named Egypt one of the top ten worst countries for gender equality. The Global Gender Gap from 2017 put Egypt way below the average for women’s rights, and they came out as the 6th worst in inco rporating women into the labor force. Although the unemployment of women is high, the participation of women in education and their access to it has grown tremendously. The implantation of â€Å" The National Strategy to Combat Violence Against Women† was an acknowledgment by the government of the terrible conditions women live in, and was enforced by the United Nations’ Global Database on Violence against Women. It was put in place in 2015 and will be redone in 2020. They try to understand why women are oppressed in Egypt, and what things need to happen to correct this situation. They say that the, â€Å"misinterpretation of religious texts, wrongful traditions and customs and the inability of the legislator to provide sufficient protection to women† have caused major problems for the fair treatment of women in Egyptian society. Although the constitution declares everyone as equal, women face discrimination in their home lives and in the government. The report even goes as far to say that Egyptian society, â€Å"opposes the development of women.† Because violence is one of the largest problems facing Egyptian Women, it is the main concern of organizations and womens rights groups. The National Council for Women in Egypt has taken a stand on violence and women’s rights, and is a main force in advocating for this. It is really amazing to see how even as things have not progressed much socially, there is a huge increase in the government participation and the foundation of many organizations to combat the oppression and to facilitate the growth of Egyptian women’s rights. As Saadawi and various other Egyptian writers have spread awareness about the treatment of women in Egypt through literature, various other forms of media have come out to advocate for women’s rights. The film â€Å"678† set in Cairo was released in 2010 to protest against the harassment of women on public transportation, while â€Å"The People’s Girls† was made in 2016 to address sexual harassment on the streets. A multitude of Egyptian women are finally speaking out and creating content to help further their cause. It is imperative to realize that women in Egypt still have a long way to go in terms of gaining equality in both the government and in home life, however great achievements have been made. Cultural laws are barriers to even progressive government legislation, but the increasing government involvement and women being vocal about equality are helping to slowly shift this. In â€Å"Memoirs of a Woman Doctor,† Saadawi shows the struggles of a young Egyptian woman that has reached wide audiences and helped to bring awareness to the plight of the Egyptian women. Works Cited Cobham, Catherine, and Nawal Saadawi. Memoirs of a Woman Doctor. Saqi Books, 2000. Foundation, Thomson Reuters. â€Å"POLL-Egypt Is Worst Arab State for Women, Comoros Best.† News.trust.org, news.trust.org/item/20131108170910-qacvu/?source=spotlight-writaw. â€Å"Global Database on Violence against Women.† National Strategy for Combating Violence against Women 2015-2020, UN Women, evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en/countries/africa/egypt/2015/national-strategy-for-combating-violence-against-women-2015-2020. Mahfouz, Naguib, et al. The Cairo Trilogy. Doubleday, 1991. Mahfouz, Najib. Midaq Alley. Passeggiata Press, 1991. â€Å"The Global Gender Gap Report 2015.† Global Gender Gap Report 2015, World Economic Forum, reports.weforum.org/global-gender-gap-report-2015/.

Mass Culture Of The United States Technology And Time Off

Mass Culture in the United States: Technology and Time-Off Mass culture can be defined as the collective culture created by exposure to the same news sources, music, literature, art and consumer advertising. The rise of mass culture is a relatively new phenomenon that has occurred largely because of the rise of a leisure class fueled by technological innovations, the surplus in production brought about by the industrial revolution and the time the average consumer had to dedicate to non-work pursuits brought about by the delineated work schedule favored by mass production and labor laws which defined the limits of the production schedule, and created a new space for workers and their families. Prior to the advent of mass culture, â€Å"high culture† was defined by the elite class made up of landed and hereditary wealth which defined the proper forms of cultural expression and used control of the access to this culture to define in-group identification and signal cultural cues which were to be picked up and mimicked by the lower classe s. The monopoly on cultural expression changed with the advent of the mass production of goods which were made affordable by the sheer scale of their manufacture and the necessity to create awareness of this production surplus by means of communication on a scale heretofore unseen in human history. The rise of mass culture was also made possible by the urbanization of societies as nations transitioned fromShow MoreRelatedMass Culture Of The United States : Technology And Time Off2072 Words   |  9 PagesMass Culture in the United States: Technology and Time-Off Mass culture can be defined as the collective culture created by exposure to the same news sources, music, literature, art and consumer advertising. 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Owning a car in the United States quickly, with the help of some corporate greed, became a necessity in and of itself in order to maintain a job and integrate oneself in society, this phenomenon did not immediately carry over into Mass Culture Of The United States Technology And Time Off Mass Culture in the United States: Technology and Time-Off Mass culture can be defined as the collective culture created by exposure to the same news sources, music, literature, art and consumer advertising. The rise of mass culture is a relatively new phenomenon that has occurred largely because of the rise of a leisure class fueled by technological innovations, the surplus in production brought about by the industrial revolution and the time the average consumer had to dedicate to non-work pursuits brought about by the delineated work schedule favored by mass production and labor laws which defined the limits of the production schedule, and created a new space for workers and their families (Jacobs 13). Prior to the advent of mass†¦show more content†¦This consolidation of people into large pockets of receptive consumers allowed for the dissemination of information and entertainment that was previously not possible due to the restrictions in technology and the challenges of geography which served to isolate regions from each othe r and limited cultural interaction as a mass experience (Edlestein 100-101). The rise of mass culture, and the creation of a consumer class that would in turn define culture was the product of advances in technology (Information, transportation and manufacturing), the surplus in goods and services created by the explosion in manufacturing capacity, and the time that the predictable scheduling in production allowed the worker to explore leisure, culture and self-expression. Technological advances in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries such as the mass electrification of entire regions in the United States, the creation of hydro-power stations to power this revolution, street cars which allowed the average person access to centers of cultural production, and communication devices such as radio and the phonograph allowed the mass dissemination of art, entertainment and news in a way that was previously the domain solely of the upper classes. Taken together, the technological revolutions in manufacturing, transportation and communication was instrumental in creating a â€Å"new man† as described in socialist literature. This form of â€Å"socialism† Mass Culture Of The United States Technology And Time Off Mass Culture in the United States: Technology and Time-Off Mass culture can be defined as the philosophy that is collective made by disclosure of similar news sources, literature, music, art and commercial advertisements. The rise of mass culture is a comparatively new existence. The culture occurrence is related to the rise of a leisure class triggered by technological innovations. Similarly, the surplus in production brought about by the industrial revolution and the time the average consumer had to dedicate to non-work pursuits also attributed to the rise of mass culture. Also, the trend resulted from the delineated work schedule favored by mass production and labor laws that defined the limits of the production schedule, and created a new space for workers and their families . Prior to the advent of mass culture, the elite defined high culture using the proper forms of cultural expression. The elite used the control of the access to this culture to define in-group identification and signal cultural cues which were to be picked up and mi micked by the lower classes. The monopoly on cultural expression changed with the advent of the mass production of goods. These goods became affordable owing to the sheer scale of their manufacture and the necessity to create awareness of the production surplus means of communication on a scale that had not happened in human history. The rise of mass culture was also made possible by the sprawl of societies as nations transitioned fromShow MoreRelatedMass Culture Of The United States : Technology And Time Off2072 Words   |  9 PagesMass Culture in the United States: Technology and Time-Off Mass culture can be defined as the collective culture created by exposure to the same news sources, music, literature, art and consumer advertising. 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Christ-like McMurphy in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the...

The Christ-like McMurphy in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Ken Kesey utilizes Jesus Christ as a constant symbol throughout One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. The protagonist of the story acts as a model and leader for other characters in the book, just as Christ was for his disciples. It is appropriate that such a leader would be closely associated with a powerful, and worshiped figure. Keseys use of Christ associates the ideas or theories in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest with the bible. McMurphy, however, may seem an unlikely Christ-figure due to his violent, sexual and seemingly immoral behavior. His behavior is merely an embodiment of the reforming movements that both Jesus and McMurphy share. Keseys†¦show more content†¦When McMurphy shows his provocative and sexual playing cards to the men of the ward, he begins to unmask the importance of sexual expression, allegorical to the word of God or new religion proposed by Jesus. McMurphy also attempts to reveal the damaging effects of Nurse Ratcheds mental ward, parallel t o Jesus attempts to bring humanity, out of the darkness, and, into the light of the Lord, where one can be eternally saved from original sin. In the first scene, we also meet Ellis, a man who has received numerous treatments at the facility and has become completely docile and, Now hes nailed against the wall (20). This image can be associated with the Book of Matthew because it foreshadows the inevitable Christ-like sacrifice that McMurphy makes at the end of the novel. Ellis also acts as the crucified criminals that share in Christs pain beside him on the cross (Matthew 27). The image of Ellis communicates to the reader the impact and importance of McMurphy as a character of the salvation that he brings to the patients on the ward as the novel continues. Perhaps the most direct symbol used to support Keseys theme occurs when McMurphy is subjected to electroshock therapy. 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International Journal Mental Health Systems â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Mental Health Systems? Answer: Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that develops in some individual after exposure to a threatening, dangerous, scary or shocking event. For instance, victims of war are likely to develop PSTD. This assignment is based on the case of Razzaq, a refugee from Iraq who lives in Australia and has been experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Firstly, it will discuss the symptoms of Razzaq and available help from an RN and other care providers. Secondly, the assignment will explore the mental health assessments required to examine Razzaq. Thirdly, it will discuss the interventions to manage Razzaq. Fourthly, it will examine the ethical and legal principles to required in patient-centred care. Finally, the paper will determine the cultural needs of the Razzaq and discuss culturally based care for the patient. The presenting symptoms of Razzaq Razzaq presented with several symptoms, which are intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. Intrusion symptoms are symptoms that cause a victim to re-experience traumatic events and might be uncontrollable and unintentional. Razzaq presented with intrusion symptoms including awful nightmares and flashbacks. According to the case study, the washing machine reminds him of the noises from war, which is a disturbing flashback. Flashbacks are disturbing because the event starts from what the victim regards to be the gravest point of their past trauma (Hirsch Holmes, 2007). Avoidance symptoms cause a victim to avoid places or items that remind of their past trauma. Razzaq tends to hide away for days to avoid his family. Avoidance behaviour symptoms make it challenging for victims to engage in social functions and live a normal social life (Levin, Kleinman, Adler, 2014). Hyperarousal symptoms include irresponsible behaviour, anger as well as angry outbursts. Razzaq presented with h yperarousal symptoms since he gets angry and yells at his wife and children. Also, he has hit his wife on various occasions due to anger. Assitance from an RN and other healthcare providers for Razzaq and his family An RN is in a better position to provide support for Razzaq because he has discussed his symptoms. The primary goal of the provider is to enable the victim and family to develop a sense of empowerment and attain control over their symptoms. The RN and other healthcare professionals should first understand how the symptoms make Razzaq feel for them to achieve this objective. They should then strive to develop a communicative and trust-based relationship with Razzaq to open up a pathway for recovery. The techniques that the nurse can use are listening, normalising responses and reframing. The RN and other healthcare professionals should be amenable and listen to Razzaqs expressions of his feelings. As revealed through the case study, the Razzaqs feelings are negative and include the expression of anger, shock and depression (Benson Thistlethwaite, 2009). The nurse should allow Razzaq to express these feelings because the primary role is to listen without judging the victim. To normali se Razzaqs responses towards the traumatic event, the RN and other healthcare professionals should endeavour to support the victims strengths in the face of the trauma. Razzaq should then be trained on coping techniques based on his strengths. The family should also be advised to accept Razzaq as a member of the family and help him fit in the social life. Family therapy that involves Razzaqs wife and children might be helpful in this case. Approaching a victim based on their strengths and capabilities is more therapeutic than emphasising on their problems and shortcomings (Rumpler, 2008). Most importantly, the care provider should inform Razzaq that the traumatic event did not occur because he is a horrible person or deserved it. Three mental health assessments required to assess Razzaq The mental health assessments that are needed for Razzaq are PTSD symptoms, the severity of depression and the exposure to war. Cross-cultural sensitive and refugee adapted assessments that can be used for Razzaq are IES-R, Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Afghan War Experience Scale. PTSD Symptoms For Razzaq, the symptoms of PTSD can be assessed using the impact of events scale-revised (IES-R). The IES-R is a self-report scale that is widely used to assess PTSD symptoms. In the past, this tool has been used to measure the symptoms of PTSD in Afghan and Iraq refugees in Australia. This assessment tool has solid psychometric properties and a good internal consistence. One study was designed to test the diagnostic utility of the IES-R as an assessment tool for PTSD in individuals exposed to war. Two independent samples, n=854 and n=3313 were used for this study for this study (Morina, Ehring, Priebe, 2013). Based on this analysis, the IES-R will be an appropriate tool for assessing the mental health status Razzaq. Severity of depression symptoms The severity of depression symptoms will be a fundamental mental health assessment for Razzaq. The mental health assessment can be performed using the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). This diagnostic tool is a 25-item questionnaire consisting of two scales for anxiety and depression symptoms (Rickels, Khalid-Khan, Gallop, Rickels, 2009). The depression symptoms scale contains 15 items while the anxiety symptoms consist of 10 items. In the diagnosis of depression, the HSCL-25 portrays high internal consistency, test-retest reliability and good validity. Thus, the HSCL-25 is an appropriate assessment tool for Razzaq. The rate of exposure to war Razzaq should be assessed mentally to determine the level of exposure to war and violence. The Afghan War Experience Scale (AWES) can be applied to assess the level of exposure to war. This assessment tool is a scale that asks candidates or victim whether they have been exposed to the indicated 17 war-linked experiences or loss or violence (Slewa-Younan, Yaser, Guajardo, Mannan, Smith, Mond, 2017). There are three possible choices for participants including once (1), more than once (2), or never (0). The possible scores for a participant range from 0-34 (Yaser, Slewa-Younan, Smith, Olson, Guajardo, Mond, 2016). A candidate who has a high score indicates that they have been exposed to war-related experiences. The interventions to safely manage Razzaqs PTSD CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that intends to help victims realise negative thoughts, perceptions, feelings or behavioural pattern and consequently trains the victim how to replace the negatives with positives. This therapy identifies and modifies misinterpretations that cause patients to overestimate their current threat as well as interpreting their behaviours during the trauma (Bisson, Cosgrove, Lewis, Roberts, 2015). Also, this psychotherapy teaches the victims on how to embrace healthy patterns. CBT will be useful and safe for Razzaq because it focuses on the symptoms of PTSD, depression and phobias. One study by Rhoads and colleagues found that CBT was helpful for patients and delivered good outcomes (Rhoads, Pearman, Rick, 2007). This study revealed that even if a nurse has minimal training on CBT, she can be helpful to the patients. Cognitive restructuring Cognitive restructuring teaches the victims that negative thoughts occur due to unhealthy thinking. In turn, the patient experiences behavioural problems like poor social relationships and substance abuse. When the victim acknowledges the link between negative feelings and unhealthy thinking, they are in a position to identify and avoid the deleterious behaviours and symptoms (Rickwood Bradford, 2012). This therapy is appropriate for Razzaq because he has harmful thoughts that need to be replaced with positive thinking. Exposure therapy In exposure therapy, a victim is exposed to a situation that is similar to their past trauma with the aim of teaching that negative symptoms happen due to their past trauma. Additionally, it aims to teach the patient that a potential trigger is controllable. A patient can be helped to confront their past trauma through verbal or written narrative, delineating the course of the traumatic experience (Bisson, Cosgrove, Lewis, Roberts, 2015). Patients are trained through continuous exposure although some experiences might be unpleasant. Razzaq requires exposure therapy because of his past traumatic events. For instance, when the washing machine is turned on, he hears a car backfire. Medication The medication option for treating Razzaq is SSRIs. This class of medicines has been found to be effective in managing the symptoms of PTSD. Besides, the SSRIs have been assessed for a wide range of trauma types such as witnessing injury, physical abuse and compact (Sullivan Neria, 2009). Sertraline and paroxetine are the two main drugs under this class of medicine (Rhoads, Pearman, Rick, 2007). Sertraline will be the most effective medicine for Razzaq due to its effectiveness in improving hyperarousal and avoidance symptoms. Nursing care interventions to improve Razzaq's well-being The nurse can train Razzaq on how to reduce anxiety and depression. Razzaq can be trained on relaxation techniques, breathing techniques as well as exercises that enhance social skills. Teaching the victim on the symptoms of PTSD can also be helpful because it will help him to identify detrimental symptoms. The nurse can also ensure that the victim takes prescribed medications correctly and assess the response to medication. The nurse can also refer Razzaq to other places for social support like community organisations. In this case, the patient will learn coping skills by participating in social activities. Ethical and legal principles in providing patient-centred care When offering patient-centred care, the patient should be involved in decision-making towards their treatment plan (Thomas Chaperon, 2010). The involvement of the patient is a fundamental aspect towards designing the treatment plan. The patient should then offer consent for the kind of treatment that will be administered. Thus, informed consent is important in patient-centred care. Human rights The healthcare provider should observe and promote human rights when offering patient-centred care. They should know that embracing the principles of human rights in health care, entails identifying, respecting, constantly enhancing and safeguarding the rights of the patient. Violation of these rights might result in severe health implications (Thomas Chaperon, 2010). Do no harm The healthcare professionals should deliver holistic, safe as well as evidence-based care to realise the patients outcome. Any treatment, intervention or action that might harm the patient should be avoided (Brophy, Roper, Hamilton, Tellez, McSherry, 2016). The patient should be monitored progressively to determine their outcomes. Respect others Every patient should be respected regardless of their ethnic background. RNs should observe the ACSQHC recommendations. These recommendations support the need to practice cultural respect and diversity (Thomas Chaperon, 2010). The patient should then be supported to realise better outcomes. Cultural needs and culturally based care for Razzaq Razzaq and the family require a comprehensive understanding of PTSD. Within the Iraqi community, a person who has a mental illness is viewed as crazy and might be stigmatised. Hence, knowledge of PSTD will be fundamental in addressing the issue of stigmatisation. Another cultural requirement is the assistance for cross-cultural communication. Razzaq is a refugee from Iraq and might have limited English skills (Guajardo, Slewa-Younan, Santalucia, Jorm, 2016). He needs help to communicate to the registered nurse and other healthcare providers. Besides, the victim requires help to overcome the barriers to seeking professional care. Based on their Muslim belief, Iraqi refuges might prefer to read the Koran rather than seek professional assistance for mental health. Culturally based care for Razzaq The culturally based care for Razzaq should include various pertinent principles which result in improved mental health. The care should be offered by a multidisciplinary team comprising of a psychiatrist, psychologist, registered nurse and culture-specific healthcare provider (mostly from Iraq). Due to language differences, the care should include an interpreter (Kirmayer, et al., 2011). Health care information on the symptoms of PTSD and importance of treatment should be included in Razzaqs therapy. The victims beliefs especially the Muslim religion should be respected throughout the therapy. Razzaqs family should also play a central role in advancing his treatment and offering social support. Finally, the provider should observe the legal and ethical principles when offering care. Conclusion Appropriate diagnosis and management of PTSD are important in helping the patient to lead a normal life. Registered nurses and other healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in diagnosing, treating and training the patients with PSTD how to manage their symptoms. As discussed in this paper, Razzaq requires support and empowerment to overcome the intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. Due to his background, Razzaq requires culturally suitable treatment. This paper has proposed culturally suitable mental health assessments and treatments that can be used for Razzaq since he is a refugee from Iraq. Conclusively, culturally appropriate treatment should focus on meeting the cultural needs of the patient and their family. References Benson, J., Thistlethwaite, J. (2009). Mental Health Across Cultures: a practical guide for health professionals. Radcliffe publishing. Bisson, J., Cosgrove, S., Lewis, C., Roberts, N. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder. 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